mortality/aging
• all mice die before 2 months of age and median survival is 31 days
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cardiovascular system
• at 4 weeks, mice exhibit increased end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters compared with wild-type mice
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• in the left and right ventricular wall
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• in the ventricular wall at 3 weeks
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• at 3 weeks, mice exhibit loss of ventricular function unlike wild-type mice
• at 4 weeks, fractional shortening is reduced in the ventricle compared with wild-type mice
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• increased in width
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muscle
• at 3 weeks, mice exhibit loss of ventricular function unlike wild-type mice
• at 4 weeks, fractional shortening is reduced in the ventricle compared with wild-type mice
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growth/size/body