mortality/aging
• no viable embryos are found at E15.5
|
• embryos appear viable at E11.5, but from E12.5-14.5 some embryos exhibit hemorrhage and edema; death occurs at or after E13.5
|
cardiovascular system
N |
• mutants and controls show similar vascular patterns at E10.5 and endothelial cells are surrounded by vascular smooth muscle cells, similar to controls, suggesting that blood vessel maturation and integrity during development aren't compromised
|
• observed at E13.5 and 14.5
|
• observed in most embryos at E14.5
|
• endothelial-mesenchymal transition within the atrioventricular canal is abnormal in mutants with AVC endothelial cells displaying less expansion in E9.5 cushion explant cultures and less (about 50%) transformed mesenchymal cells detected compared to controls
• atrioventricular canal mesenchymal cells in explant cultures show significantly reduced proliferation compare to controls at E11.5
|
• at E11.5, atrioventricular cushion volumes are about 40.8% smaller than controls, but cell density of AV cushions are comparable to controls
• outflow tract cushions do not show significant size difference from controls
|
• valves are underdeveloped in mutants, with enlarged bulbous primordial leaflets
|
• outlflow tract valves in all mutants are asymmetrically aligned in contrast to controls
|
• observed at E13.5 and 14.5
|
• observed at E13.5 and 14.5
|
• at E13.5 and 14.5 ventricular septal defects are observed
|
hemorrhage
(
J:161211
)
• some sporadic hemorrhages are observed at E12.5
|
embryo
N |
• placental size and structure is comparable at E13.5 between mutants and controls
|
• embryos display smaller body size compared to wild-type littermates at E13.5
|
growth/size/body
• embryos display smaller body size compared to wild-type littermates at E13.5
|
homeostasis/metabolism
skin edema
(
J:161211
)
• at E14.5, about half of the embryos exhibit severe dorsal subcutaneous edema
|
respiratory system
• observed in most embryos at E14.5
|
integument
skin edema
(
J:161211
)
• at E14.5, about half of the embryos exhibit severe dorsal subcutaneous edema
|