mortality/aging
• significant midgestational lethality occurs between E13.5 and E14.5 with only 2 viable mutant fetuses (and 6 dead) out of 34 recovered at E14.5
• 2 viable fetuses (8 dead) are recovered at E18.5 (2 mutant/50 total)
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• no live mutants are recovered after birth
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cardiovascular system
• decreased density of trabeculae in ventricles is observed at E13.5
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• thinning of compact layer of ventricular myocardium is observed at E13.5
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• observed at E13.5; defect is more closely related to aortic orifice in mutants
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• observed at E13.5, resulting from due to deficiency of mesenchyme in the region where outflow tract and AV cushions should meet
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• in E13.5 mutatnts, only a small fibrous ridge separates the aortic valve from right ventricular outflow tract, as outlet cushions are proximally not fused
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• bifurcated outflow tract is in right ventricle, not over ventricular septum
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muscle
• decreased density of trabeculae in ventricles is observed at E13.5
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• thinning of compact layer of ventricular myocardium is observed at E13.5
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