adipose tissue
• mice exhibit little subcutaneous adipose tissue on high fat diet as compared to controls
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• chow-fed mice have twice the number of adipocytes in the epididymal fat pad
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• reduced epididymal WAT cell volume on both high and low fat diets
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• reduced size of epididymal fat pads
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• mice exhibit little omental adipose tissue on high fat diet as compared to controls
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• on a chow-fed diet as compared to controls
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growth/size/body
• in mice older than 6 months as compared to controls
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• decreased body length is observed in mice older than 6 months as compared to controls
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• mice do not gain body weight at same rate as controls when fed ad libitum high fat diet
• mice exhibit an increase in percentage of body fat after 8 weeks on high fat diet, but increase is significantly less than controls
• adipocytes do not become hypertrophic on high fat diet
• less fat as a percentage of body weight on high fat diet as compared to control
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• overall reduction in growth rate
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• mice appear normal at birth, but exhibit a lower body weight at weaning as compared to controls
• high fat diet does not improve weight gain
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behavior/neurological
• reduction in food intake (chow fed) as compared to controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
• increased levels of the polyamine pathway metabolites ornithine, putrescine and spermidine
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• skeletal tissues have elevated levels of alanine, arginine, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
• liver tissues have elevated levels of asparagine, isoleucine, lysine proline, serine, threonine, and valine
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• in skeletal tissues
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• increase in energy expenditure on high fat diet as compared to controls
• difference is greater at night than during active period
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• mice do not gain body weight at same rate as controls when fed ad libitum high fat diet
• mice exhibit an increase in percentage of body fat after 8 weeks on high fat diet, but increase is significantly less than controls
• adipocytes do not become hypertrophic on high fat diet
• less fat as a percentage of body weight on high fat diet as compared to control
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• increase in oxygen consumption on high fat diet as compared to controls
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• ncreased in de novo lipogenesis is observed in livers from chow fed mice as compared to controls
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• reduced levels of multiple glycerophospholipids in plasma
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• level of activated hormone sensitive lipase is fourfold higher in epididymal WAT of chow-fed mice
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integument
• mice exhibit little subcutaneous adipose tissue on high fat diet as compared to controls
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liver/biliary system
• mice on high fat diet do not exhibit lipid droplet accumulation in the liver
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mortality/aging
• extension of mean and maximal lifespan as compared to controls
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reproductive system
• reduced fertility
• reduced fecundity
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