mortality/aging
• from E15.5 onwards; no embryos are recovered at E17.5
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cardiovascular system
• numerous packed endothelial cells with scant cytoplasm enveloped by pericytes are seen in CNS vascular malformations
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• CNS specific vascular patterning defects
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• decrease in angiogenic sprouting into the forebrain telencephalon and thickening of the underlying perineural vascular plexus resulting in a nearly avascular telencephalon
• by E14.5 defects in sprouting result in basally localized glomeruloid malformations and a distally avascular telencephalon
• filopodial extensions are reduced or absent in endothelial cells in the glomeruloid malformations and when present extend laterally rather than towards the ventricles
• however, sprouting is not affected in the embryonic diencephalon, mid- and hindbrain, or in nonneural tissues
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• decrease in angiogenic sprouting into the forebrain telencephalon and thickening of the underlying perineural vascular plexus resulting in a nearly avascular telencephalon
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• beginning at E11.5 embryos display progressive central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage originating in forebrain telencephalon and ventral neural tube
• by E14.5 hemorrhagic glomeruloid malformations are seen in the telencephalon, ventral neural tube and forebrain ganglionic eminences
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nervous system
• by E14.5 hemorrhagic glomeruloid malformations are seen in the ventral neural tube
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• decrease in angiogenic sprouting into the forebrain telencephalon and thickening of the underlying perineural vascular plexus resulting in a nearly avascular telencephalon
• by E14.5 defects in sprouting result in basally localized glomeruloid malformations and a distally avascular telencephalon
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• by E14.5 hemorrhagic glomeruloid malformations are seen in the forebrain ganglionic eminences
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• beginning at E11.5 embryos display progressive central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage originating in forebrain telencephalon and ventral neural tube
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embryo
• by E14.5 hemorrhagic glomeruloid malformations are seen in the ventral neural tube
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