cardiovascular system
N |
• young mice exhibit normal basal surface ECGs with no detectable spontaneous arrhythmias
• at 1 year of age, male mice show normal ejection fraction and left ventricular mass, as assessed by echocardiography; postmortem analysis showed normal heart weight and heart appearance and histology in both sexes, with no abundant fibrosis in the ventricular or atrial myocardium
|
• at 1 year of age, male, but not female, mice show significantly longer P-wave duration than wild-type controls; the median duration for the male P-wave is 34% longer
|
• at 1 year of age, male, but not female, mice show significantly longer QRS duration than wild-type controls
|
• at 1 year of age, male, but not female, mice show significantly longer QT and corrected QT intervals than wild-type controls; the median duration for the male corrected QT is 29% longer
• however, the male RR interval is normal
|
• under isoproterenol stress conditions, females are significantly more susceptible to induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) than wild-type controls, as quantified by the % of mice with AF incidents
• AF is induced more frequently in both males and females under basal conditions, and in females under isoproterenol stimulation, as quantified per pacing trial
• some instances of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) due to premature ventricular contractions are also observed; VA is induced more frequently in males under isoproterenol stimulation, and in both sexes and conditions combined
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• under isoproterenol stress conditions, females are significantly more susceptible to induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) than wild-type controls, as quantified by the % of mice with AF incidents
• AF is induced more frequently in both males and females under basal conditions, and in females under isoproterenol stimulation, as quantified per pacing trial
• some instances of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) due to premature ventricular contractions are also observed; VA is induced more frequently in males under isoproterenol stimulation, and in both sexes and conditions combined
|