mortality/aging
• most mice die prior to 1 months of age with remaining mice dying within one year
• however, supplementing drinking water with glucose improves survival
|
• mice exhibit kyphosis, reduced bone density, and increased staining for cellular senescence (increased staining for acidic beta-galactosidase) compared with wild-type mice
|
reproductive system
• only 6 of 12 female mice produce litters when mated to wild-type males
|
• male mice cannot impregnate wild-type females unlike wild-type males
• however, sperm is capable of fertilizing eggs normally in vitro
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in increased in the quadriceps, white adipose tissue, spleen, liver, thymus, and lung compared to in wild-type mice
|
• throughout nursing
• however, supplementing drinking water with glucose improves circulating glucose levels
|
hypoglycemia
(
J:167023
)
• as early as P3
|
skeleton
malocclusion
(
J:167023
)
growth/size/body
malocclusion
(
J:167023
)
• at P15 and onward
|
• starting at P3
|
adipose tissue
• as animals live (visceral and subcutaneous)
|
vision/eye
• with discharge and not fully open eyes
|
immune system
• glucose uptake in the spleen is greater than in wild-type mice
|
behavior/neurological
• mice cannot nurse their young unlike wild-type mice
|
craniofacial
malocclusion
(
J:167023
)
cellular
• mice exhibit increased staining for acidic beta-galactosidase compared with wild-type mice
|
integument