reproductive system
N |
• despite the lack of terminal end buds in mammary gland ducts, ductal outgrowth is retained
|
cellular
• pups born to or nursed by female mice die within 5 days of birth
• however, female mice exhibit normal nursing behavior
|
homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• mice exhibit normal circulating estradiol and growth hormone levels
|
integument
• mammary glands exhibit dense lobuloalveolar structures that are restricted to the region close to the nipple area without any epithelial structures in the rest of the fat pad compared to in wild-type mice
|
• ducts lack terminal end buds unlike in wild-type mice
• proximal and relatively distal ducts lack collagen-rich periductal stroma unlike in wild-type mice
|
• at 5, 10, and 40 weeks of age, the rudimental ductal tree gland fails to initiate ductal outgrowth and do not produce terminal end buds compared to in wild-type mice
• lobualveolar structures fail to extend far into the fat pad unlike in wild-type mice
|
• proximal and relatively distal ducts lack collagen-rich periductal stroma unlike in wild-type mice
|
• milk production is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• mammary glands exhibit dense lobuloalveolar structures that are restricted to the region close to the nipple area without any epithelial structures in the rest of the fat pad compared to in wild-type mice
|
• ducts lack terminal end buds unlike in wild-type mice
• proximal and relatively distal ducts lack collagen-rich periductal stroma unlike in wild-type mice
|
• at 5, 10, and 40 weeks of age, the rudimental ductal tree gland fails to initiate ductal outgrowth and do not produce terminal end buds compared to in wild-type mice
• lobualveolar structures fail to extend far into the fat pad unlike in wild-type mice
|
• proximal and relatively distal ducts lack collagen-rich periductal stroma unlike in wild-type mice
|
• milk production is decreased compared to in wild-type mice
|