muscle
• increased average size of the myotubes formed in satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts over-expressing Dlk1 when the allele is inherited paternally
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• increased diameters of the resulting myotubes in the presence of Dlk1 coated substrate when the allele is inherited paternally
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• 25% reduction in total myofiber numbers in fast (EDL) and slow (soleus) muscles when the allele is inherited paternally
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• extensive fibrosis, scarification, and interstitial space occupied by massive cellular infiltration at 5-7 days after intramuscular injections of CTX to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles when the allele is inherited paternally
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• impaired regeneration at 5-7 days after intramuscular injections of CTX to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles when the allele is inherited paternally
• roughly 25% decrease in nascent de novo fiber formation five days after injury when the allele is inherited paternally
• extensive fibrosis, scarification, and interstitial space occupied by massive cellular infiltration when the allele is inherited paternally
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cellular
• increased proportion of self-renewing cells (Pax7+/MyoD-) in the cultured myoblasts on the mutant EDL fiber when the allele is inherited paternally
• accelerated differentiation kinetics in satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts over-expressing Dlk1 or in the presence of Dlk1 coated substrate when the allele is inherited paternally
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• decreased proliferating cells (Pax7+/ MyoD+) in the cultured primary myoblasts on the mutant EDL fiber when the allele is inherited paternally
• reduced cell numbers at day 3 after transfection in satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts over-expressing Dlk1 when the allele is inherited paternally
• reduced numbers of proliferating cells (Ki67+) in satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts over-expressing Dlk1 or in the presence of Dlk1 coated substrate when the allele is inherited paternally
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• Dlk1 is an imprinted gene expressed only from paternal allele
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growth/size/body
• reduced body weight when the allele is inherited paternally
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adipose tissue
• decreased brown fat mass by 20% when the allele is inherited paternally
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immune system
• increased interstitial nuclei density- excessive infiltrated macrophages after injury when the allele is inherited paternally
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