Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
homeostasis/metabolism
embryo
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• abnormally persistent and remains connected to the dorsal aorta at E10.5
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• neural crest cells fail to populate the third and fourth pharyngeal arches
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• severely reduced in size at E9.5 and E10.5
• the ectoderm and endoderm layers are adjacent
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• unidentifiable at E10.5
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• severely reduced in size at E9.5 and E10.5
• the ectoderm and endoderm layers are adjacent
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• unidentifiable at E10.5
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• severe reduction in the size of the third and fourth arches at E9.5 and E10.5
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• dramatic increase in apoptosis in the caudal pharyngeal region
• neural crest cells fail to populate the third and fourth pharyngeal arches
• lack the characteristic segmental pattern in the caudal arches
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• defects in the development of tissues derived from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches characterized by failure of the primordia to separate from the pouch
• no obvious abnormalities are seen in derivatives of the first and second pouches
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• at E13.5 expression analysis indicates that the primordia of the ultimobranchial bodies fail to separate from the epithelium in the pharyngeal pouch
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cardiovascular system
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• two additional ascending arteries are ectopically formed to the common carotid arteries
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• unidentifiable at E10.5
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• abnormally persistent and remains connected to the dorsal aorta at E10.5
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• unidentifiable at E10.5
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• hypotrophic in the conotruncus region
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• abnormally branch from the dorsal aorta in the retroesophageal region
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• abnormal persistence and regression of the branchial arch arteries
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• persists and anastomoses with the descending dorsal aorta
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• incomplete formation of the ventricular septum
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at E13.5 expression analysis indicates that the primordia of the ultimobranchial bodies fail to separate from the epithelium in the pharyngeal pouch
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• increase in alpha cell area
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• increase in beta cell area
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• at E13.5 expression analysis indicates that the parathyroid gland primordia fail to detach from the endodermal epithelium and are smaller than normal
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• at E13.5 expression analysis indicates the thymus is formed but fails to separate from the pharyngeal endoderm
• at E18.5 the thymus fails to migrate caudally and is present ectopically in the pharynx region
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small thymus
(
J:167713
)
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• at E18.5 the thymus fails to migrate caudally and is present ectopically in the pharynx region
• in many cases, the ectopic thymus appears to have evaginated into the oropharynx
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hematopoietic system
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• at E13.5 expression analysis indicates the thymus is formed but fails to separate from the pharyngeal endoderm
• at E18.5 the thymus fails to migrate caudally and is present ectopically in the pharynx region
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small thymus
(
J:167713
)
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• at E18.5 the thymus fails to migrate caudally and is present ectopically in the pharynx region
• in many cases, the ectopic thymus appears to have evaginated into the oropharynx
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immune system
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• at E13.5 expression analysis indicates the thymus is formed but fails to separate from the pharyngeal endoderm
• at E18.5 the thymus fails to migrate caudally and is present ectopically in the pharynx region
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small thymus
(
J:167713
)
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• at E18.5 the thymus fails to migrate caudally and is present ectopically in the pharynx region
• in many cases, the ectopic thymus appears to have evaginated into the oropharynx
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craniofacial
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• abnormally persistent and remains connected to the dorsal aorta at E10.5
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• severely reduced in size at E9.5 and E10.5
• the ectoderm and endoderm layers are adjacent
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• unidentifiable at E10.5
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• severely reduced in size at E9.5 and E10.5
• the ectoderm and endoderm layers are adjacent
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• unidentifiable at E10.5
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• severe reduction in the size of the third and fourth arches at E9.5 and E10.5
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cellular
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• abnormal persistence and regression of the branchial arch arteries
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• neural crest cells fail to populate the third and fourth pharyngeal arches
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