reproductive system
N |
• female mice are fertile
• testes morphology is normal
|
• between the mid- and principal piece
|
• hyperactivation typical of sperm capacitation is reduced compared with wild-type sperm
|
• sperm fail to fertilize oocytes in vitro unlike wild-type sperm
|
• sperm lack sodium-potassium ATPase activity compared with wild-type cells
• sperm exhibit altered internal sodium concentration and membrane potential compared with wild-type sperm
|
cellular
• between the mid- and principal piece
|