mortality/aging
• mice die between 3.5 and 4.5 weeks of age
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cardiovascular system
• with abnormal mitochondria
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• mice exhibit decreased diastolic and systolic movements of the left ventricle wall and interventricular septum compared with wild-type mice
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• fractional shortening and ejection fraction are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
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muscle
• with abnormal mitochondria
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• fractional shortening and ejection fraction are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
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growth/size/body