mortality/aging
• mice die within hours of birth
• however, treatment with captopril and isradipine extends survival to P4
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• some mice die between E15 and birth
• treatment with cyclosporin A to rescue cardiac hypertrophy does not prevent lethality
• however, treatment with isradipine, tadalafil, isradipine and tadalafil, T3 or captopril and isradipine rescue lethality between E13 and E18
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cardiovascular system
• heart weight relative to body weight is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, treatment with the calcium channel antagonist isradipine, tadalafil, or cyclosporin A reduces heart weight
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• concentric hypertrophy
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• blood pools in the abdomen
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• myocytes exhibit reduced L-type calcium ion current compared with wild-type cells
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nervous system
• neurons exhibit a decrease in L-type barium current amplitude compared with wild-type neurons
• however, voltage dependence of activation of L-type barium currents is normal
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muscle
• concentric hypertrophy
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cellular
growth/size/body
• heart weight relative to body weight is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, treatment with the calcium channel antagonist isradipine, tadalafil, or cyclosporin A reduces heart weight
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• concentric hypertrophy
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