Analysis Tools
nervous system
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• neuronal soma from the cerebral cortex and striatum of 17-18 month old mice exhibit condensed aggregated mitochondria, damaged mitochondria and an increase in the density of autophagic vacuoles
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• by 19-21 months, transgenic mice exhibit an 18% loss of TH+ dopaminergic neurons and a 17% loss of Nissl+ nigral neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta
• dopaminergic neuritic density is reduced by 14% in substantia nigra pars reticulata, but not in the striatum
• normal numbers of dopaminergic neurons are observed in the ventral tegemental area
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• cultured dopaminergic neurons exhibit a reduction in neurite complexity characterized by shorter neurites and reduced branching at 7 days in vitro
• neurite branching is slightly increased at 6 days in vitro
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• axonal processes from the cerebral cortex and striatum of 17-18 month old mice contain an increase in the density of autophagic vacuoles
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• observed in the brain of aged mice
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• dopamine turnover is increased in 14-15 month old mice
• levels of the dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), are decreased in the olfactory bulb at 14-15 months of age, however, dopamine levels are not increased
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• mice exhibit a small, but significant, increase in serotonin levels
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cellular
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• observed in the brain of aged mice
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