mortality/aging
• no mice survive a year after weaning
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• fewer than expected mice survive to weaning
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• mice exhibit symptoms of premature aging (growth retardation, short lifespan, reduced subcutaneous adipose, and alopecia) compared wild-type mice
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integument
• with reduce adipose cellularity
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• keratinocytes exhibit abnormal initiation of differentiation and terminal differentiation compared with wild-type cells
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• many hair follicles lack a hair shaft unlike in wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit increased cell proliferation in the epidermal basal layer and outer root sheath (4-fold) but decreased hair bulb index compared with wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit fewer anagenic hair follicles than wild-type mice
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• 1.7-fold
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• 3-fold
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• mice exhibit increased cell proliferation in the epidermal basal layer and outer root sheath (4-fold) but decreased hair bulb index compared with wild-type mice
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• moderate
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respiratory system
• saccule septation is stunted compared to in wild-type mice
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adipose tissue
• with reduce adipose cellularity
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homeostasis/metabolism
• moderate
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growth/size/body
cellular
• keratinocytes exhibit abnormal initiation of differentiation and terminal differentiation compared with wild-type cells
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