immune system
• mice exhibit an increase in inflammatory markers (Tnfa, Il6, Il1b, Cxcl15, Cd68) and an accumulation of macrophages in WAT
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muscle
• mice exhibit a 52% increase in muscle triglyceride levels on a high fat diet
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adipose tissue
• mice exhibit an increase in inflammatory markers (Tnfa, Il6, Il1b, Cxcl15, Cd68) and an accumulation of macrophages in WAT
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homeostasis/metabolism
• after 2-3 weeks on a high fat (60%) diet, male mice exhibit increased serum insulin, but not glucose, levels
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• mice on a high fat diet exhibit significantly increased free fatty acid levels
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• mice on a high fat diet exhibit significantly increased glycerol levels
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• on a high fat diet
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• glucose-infusion rate is 39% lower than controls
• decrease in insulin sensitivity as determined by insulin tolerance tests
• decreased glucose disposal rate
• insulin stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue is decreased (respectively 56% and 22%) compared to Retn-/- controls
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• mice exhibit a 52% increase in muscle triglyceride levels on a high fat diet
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