reproductive system
• multinucleated giant cells are detected unlike in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• 9-fold increased compared with Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• very few sperm are motile unlike in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
small testis
(
J:171470
)
|
• 2-fold
|
• daily sperm production from spermatozoa is reduced compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• seminiferous tubules exhibit premature sloughing of germ cells compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• sperm tails exhibit cytoplasmic droplets unlike cells from Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
azoospermia
(
J:171470
)
• epididymal tubules lack sperm
|
• mice exhibit a deficiency in postmeitotic cells (round, elongated spermatids and sperm cells) compared with Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• the number of spermatozoa is decreased compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• sperm cells exhibit oval small heads, are headless, or are decapitated compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• the number of postmeitotic cells is decreased compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• meiosis is delayed compared to in cells from Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• however, mice exhibit normal synapsis of homologous chromosomes and formation of XY-body
|
• 2-fold
|
• female mice produce smaller litters than compared with Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• female mice produce smaller litters than wild-type mice
• male mice are unable to produce any offspring unlike Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
cellular
• sperm tails exhibit cytoplasmic droplets unlike cells from Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
azoospermia
(
J:171470
)
• epididymal tubules lack sperm
|
• mice exhibit a deficiency in postmeitotic cells (round, elongated spermatids and sperm cells) compared with Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• the number of spermatozoa is decreased compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• sperm cells exhibit oval small heads, are headless, or are decapitated compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• multinucleated giant cells are detected unlike in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• the number of postmeitotic cells is decreased compared to in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• meiosis is delayed compared to in cells from Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
• however, mice exhibit normal synapsis of homologous chromosomes and formation of XY-body
|
• 9-fold increased compared with Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• very few sperm are motile unlike in Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
• pachytene spermatocytes exhibit impaired double-strand DNA repair compared with cell from Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• pachytene spermatocytes exhibit impaired double-strand DNA repair compared with cell from Cul4atm1.1Pra homozygotes
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
small testis
(
J:171470
)
|
• 2-fold
|