mortality/aging
• embryos die by E11
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cardiovascular system
• at E9.5-10.5, mutants display diminished cranial vascular plexi
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• at E9.5-10.5, mutants lack caudal pharyngeal arch arteries
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• at E9.5-10.5, mutants exhibit dilated rostral arch arteries
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craniofacial
• at E9.5-10.5, mutants lack caudal pharyngeal arch arteries
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• at E9.5-10.5, mutants exhibit dilated rostral arch arteries
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• abnormal pharyngeal hinge morphology with a modest cleft due to hypoplasia of both the maxillary and mandibular prominences
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• abnormal pharyngeal hinge morphology with a modest cleft due to hypoplasia of both the maxillary and mandibular prominences
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• agenesis of the fourth pharyngeal arch
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• agenesis of the third pharyngeal arch
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embryo
• at E9.5-10.5, mutants lack caudal pharyngeal arch arteries
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• at E9.5-10.5, mutants exhibit dilated rostral arch arteries
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• agenesis of the fourth pharyngeal arch
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• agenesis of the third pharyngeal arch
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• at E9.5, mutant embryos are one half to two-thirds the size of control littermates
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• at E9.5, perturbation of cranial neural crest cell development
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growth/size/body
• at E9.5, mutant embryos are one half to two-thirds the size of control littermates
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hearing/vestibular/ear
• at E9.5, the otocyst is displaced rostrally and the otic placode frequently gives rise to multiple supernumerary otocyst adjacent to the caudal hindbrain and rostral spinal cord
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nervous system
• at E9.5 mutants exhibit a near complete nervous system agenesis; no evidence of the neuronal network or plexus that forms in the midbrain
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• at E9.5 little evidence of any overt neural differentiation in association with the cranial ganglia
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• at E9.5, perturbation of cranial neural crest cell development
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• extreme hypoplasia or agenesis of the facioacoustic/vestibulocochlear ganglia
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• extreme hypoplasia or agenesis of the glossopharyngeal ganglia
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• extreme hypoplasia or agenesis of the trigeminal ganglia
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• extreme hypoplasia or agenesis of the vagal ganglia
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cellular
• at E9.5 little evidence of any overt neural differentiation in association with the cranial ganglia
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