homeostasis/metabolism
• beta-hydroxybutyrate plasma levels are increased compared to in wild-type mice
|
• cardiac noradrenaline is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• starved mice fail to exhibit an increase in heart noradrenaline levels compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
• treatment with propionate or beta-hydroxybutyrate, or tyramine fails to change oxygen consumption unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
• during starvation, mice fail to exhibit a decrease in oxygen consumption unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
|
• during feeding
|
• sympathetic neurons fail to exhibit the propionate-activated response observed in wild-type mice
• isolated cardiomyocytes with sympathetic neurons fail to exhibit a rise in beat rate when treated with propionate compared with wild-type cells
• mice treated with beta-hydroxybutyrate or acetone exhibit less of a change in heart rate than in wild-type mice
• mice treated with streptozotocin to induce diabetes exhibit a reduced depression in heart rate compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• whether diabetic or not, propranodol fails to affect heart rate unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• treatment with propionate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, or tyramine fails to change oxygen consumption unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, mice treated with streptozotocin exhibit a diabetic condition
|
nervous system
• at P1
|
• mice exhibit reduced density of sympathetic innervations and TH in the heart compared with wild-type mice
|
• sympathetic neurons fail to exhibit the propionate-activated response observed in wild-type mice
• isolated cardiomyocytes with sympathetic neurons fail to exhibit a rise in beat rate when treated with propionate compared with wild-type cells
• mice fail to exhibit starvation-associated sympathetic depression unlike wild-type mice
|
cardiovascular system
• fasted mice fail to exhibit as much of a decrease in heart rate as in wild-type mice
• mice treated with propionate or octanoate fail to exhibit a change in heart rate unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• isolated cardiomyocytes with sympathetic neurons fail to exhibit a rise in beat rate when treated with propionate compared with wild-type cells
• mice treated with beta-hydroxybutyrate or acetone exhibit less of a change in heart rate than in wild-type mice
• mice treated with streptozotocin to induce diabetes exhibit a reduced depression in heart rate compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• whether diabetic or not, propranodol fails to affect heart rate unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
|
• in resting mice
|