nervous system
• dentate granule cells exhibit thinner spines accompanied by a small volume and shortened spine head diameter
• however, dentate granule cell spine density is normal
|
• mice show impaired sensorimotor gating as indicated by pre-pulse inhibition deficits without changes in the acoustic startle amplitude
|
• the ratio of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) mediated by NMDA receptor to AMPA receptor in dentate granule cells of hippocampal slices is lower
• however, mice show a normal decay time constant of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs
|
• magnitude of LTP is smaller at 55-60 min after the TET in the hippocampus
• however, synaptic transmission at the medial perforant path-dentate granule cell synapses is normal
|
• pre-pulse inhibition deficits without changes in the acoustic startle amplitude
|
behavior/neurological
• in the fear conditioning test, 7-20 week old mice show context-dependent fear memory impairment 24 hours, but not 1 hour, after fear conditioning, although no difference is seen in freezing time in the conditioning phase
• mice show impairment of tone-dependent freezing 24 hours after the conditioning
• however, stimulus thresholds of electric footshock for vocalization are normal
|
• mice show an increase in exploratory activity during the last 30 min of activity in a novel environment, suggesting impaired habituation to a novel environment
• mice, however, show normal behavior in the open field, elevated-plus maze, forced-swimming, and sucrose-preference tests
|
• in the novel object recognition test, mice show a decrease in the exploratory preference for novel objects in the retention session performed 24 hours after the training session
|
• in the Morris water maze, mice take a longer path length to find the hidden platform during training trails, however no difference is seen in the visible test on day 7 and in the swimming velocity during the training trials
• mice, howerver, show normal short-term memory in the Y-maze test
|
growth/size/body
N |
• mice exhibit normal growth
|
mortality/aging
N |
• mice exhibit normal survival
|