immune system
• spleens are visibly enlarged at 5 months of age
|
• at 5 months of age, the spleen-to-body weight ratio is significantly higher than in wild-type controls
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show a slight reduction in CD19+ B cells relative to wild-type spleens
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microgliosis
(
J:358021
)
• at 3 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by controlled cortical impact (CCI), the densities of IBA-1+ microglia are significantly higher in the hippocampus adjacent to the cortical contusion than in CCI-injured wild-type or sham controls
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show hypertrophy of the white pulp
• however, red pulp morphology is normal
|
• following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), spleens show abundant tingible body macrophages in the germinal center, whereas no tingible body macrophages are detected in LPS-treated wild-type spleens
• however, PBS-treated mice show no significant morphological changes relative to PBS-treated wild-type controls
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show a significantly higher CD11b+ myeloid population and a slight reduction in CD19+ B cells relative to wild-type spleens
• however, no changes are detected in CD3+ T cells
|
• after i.p. LPS treatment, accumulation of tingible body macrophages in the spleen white pulp suggests that white pulp macrophages are impaired in their ability to clear out apoptotic cells produced during the germinal center reaction
|
• at 12 months, but not at 4 months, of age, mice show a significantly higher number of IBA-1+ microglial cells with highly reactive morphology and abundant cytoplasm in the hippocampus and thalamus than age-matched wild-type controls
• at 12 months, the densities (number/mm2) of IBA-1+ microglia in the CA1 region and thalamus are significantly higher than in wild-type controls, indicating enhanced microglial cell activation and neuroinflammation
|
• after LPS stimulation, isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) show significantly higher Il6 mRNA expression levels than LPS-treated wild-type BMDMs
• BMDMs from mice infected with a lentiviral vector expressing FAM76B show marked downregulation of Il6 mRNA expression in the presence of LPS
• at 3 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by controlled cortical impact (CCI), Il6 mRNA levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus are significantly higher than in CCI-injured wild-type controls
• 24 hr after LPS injection into the prefrontal cortex, both Il6 mRNA and protein IL-6 levels at the injection site are significantly higher than in LPS-injected wild-type controls
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• 24 hr after LPS injection into the prefrontal cortex, both Tnf mRNA and protein TNF levels at the injection site are significantly higher than in LPS-injected wild-type controls
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• at 7 days after LPS injection into the prefrontal cortex, brains show abundant macrophages at the injection site, whereas only a mild inflammatory response in seen in LPS-injected wild-type controls
|
hematopoietic system
• spleens are visibly enlarged at 5 months of age
|
• at 5 months of age, the spleen-to-body weight ratio is significantly higher than in wild-type controls
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show a slight reduction in CD19+ B cells relative to wild-type spleens
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show a significantly higher CD11b+ myeloid population than wild-type spleens
|
microgliosis
(
J:358021
)
• at 3 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by controlled cortical impact (CCI), the densities of IBA-1+ microglia are significantly higher in the hippocampus adjacent to the cortical contusion than in CCI-injured wild-type or sham controls
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show hypertrophy of the white pulp
• however, red pulp morphology is normal
|
• following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), spleens show abundant tingible body macrophages in the germinal center, whereas no tingible body macrophages are detected in LPS-treated wild-type spleens
• however, PBS-treated mice show no significant morphological changes relative to PBS-treated wild-type controls
|
• at 5 months of age, spleens show a significantly higher CD11b+ myeloid population and a slight reduction in CD19+ B cells relative to wild-type spleens
• however, no changes are detected in CD3+ T cells
|
• after i.p. LPS treatment, accumulation of tingible body macrophages in the spleen white pulp suggests that white pulp macrophages are impaired in their ability to clear out apoptotic cells produced during the germinal center reaction
|
• at 12 months, but not at 4 months, of age, mice show a significantly higher number of IBA-1+ microglial cells with highly reactive morphology and abundant cytoplasm in the hippocampus and thalamus than age-matched wild-type controls
• at 12 months, the densities (number/mm2) of IBA-1+ microglia in the CA1 region and thalamus are significantly higher than in wild-type controls, indicating enhanced microglial cell activation and neuroinflammation
|
growth/size/body
• average male body weight is significantly lower than that in wild-type controls from 30 to about 270 days of age
|
• spleens are visibly enlarged at 5 months of age
|
• at 5 months of age, the spleen-to-body weight ratio is significantly higher than in wild-type controls
|
nervous system
microgliosis
(
J:358021
)
• at 3 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by controlled cortical impact (CCI), the densities of IBA-1+ microglia are significantly higher in the hippocampus adjacent to the cortical contusion than in CCI-injured wild-type or sham controls
|
• at 12 months, but not at 4 months, of age, mice show a significantly higher number of IBA-1+ microglial cells with highly reactive morphology and abundant cytoplasm in the hippocampus and thalamus than age-matched wild-type controls
• at 12 months, the densities (number/mm2) of IBA-1+ microglia in the CA1 region and thalamus are significantly higher than in wild-type controls, indicating enhanced microglial cell activation and neuroinflammation
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• at 3 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by controlled cortical impact (CCI), mice show enhanced microglia activation and neuroinflammation, with more prominent increases in IBA-1+ microglia densities adjacent to the contusion site and higher Il6 mRNA levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus than CCI-injured wild-type controls
|