growth/size/body
• increase in the proportion of lean body mass by 11% at 8 months of age
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• body weight is 10% lower on a regular chow diet at 4 weeks of age compared to wild-type mice
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• at 3 months of age
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• decreased weight gain on a high fat diet compared to wild-type mice
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adipose tissue
• the proportion of fat mass to body weight is markedly reduced in mice on a high fat diet
• fat mass is reduced by 45% in chow fed mice at 8 months of age
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homeostasis/metabolism
• plasma lactate concentrations are reduced in mice on a high fat diet
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• on a normal chow or high fat diet
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• decreased weight gain on a high fat diet compared to wild-type mice
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• endogenous glucose production is reduced
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• basal plasma glucose is reduced
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• basal plasma insulin is reduced
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• glycemic excursion and plasma insulin excursion are reduced in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests
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• preserved insulin sensitivity at 8 months of age compared to age matched wild-type controls
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• decrease in hepatic and muscle diacylglycerol concentrations
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• rates of nonoxidative glucose metabolism tend to be increased in mice on a high fat diet and are significantly higher in older mice
• whole body glucose metabolism is increased during an hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
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liver/biliary system
• markedly reduced liver lipid content in mice on a high fat diet
• decrease in hepatic diacylglycerol concentrations
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• mitochondrial density is increased in hepatocytes
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• show a 20% reduction in hepatic citrate uptake
• decrease in lipid generation
• analysis indicates hepatic lipid peroxidation is increased by 62%
• oxygen consumption is increased in liver homogenates
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• lipid oxidation is increased and citrate uptake is reduced in primary hepatocytes
• hepatic ATP concentration is reduced
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behavior/neurological
• increase in locomotor activity during the first 3?4 hr of food ingestion
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muscle
• decrease in muscle diacylglycerol concentrations
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• peripheral glucose uptake by the gastrocnemius muscle is increased
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cellular
• mitochondrial density is increased in hepatocytes
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• peripheral glucose uptake by the gastrocnemius muscle is increased
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