mortality/aging
• no viable embryos are observed at E10.5
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cellular
• embryos exhibit abnormal mitochondria with swollen cristae
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• swollen
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• primary fibroblasts grown under nutrient restriction exhibit reduced viability and cellular ATP compared with similarly treated wild-type cells
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• cells exhibit resistance to straurosporine-induced apoptosis compared with similarly treated wild-type cells
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• in E9.5 embryos
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• in E9.5 embryos
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• mitochondrial protein synthesis is compromised compared to in wild-type cells
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• digitonin-permeabilized primary fibroblasts exhibit severe reduction in complex I, III, and IV-dependent oxygen consumption, indicating a global OXPHOS defect, compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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embryo
• in E9.5 embryos
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• at E9.5, only 9 somites are observed
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• E10.5 embryos are necrotic
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• all three trophoblast layers, including the trophoblast giant cell layer, are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
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growth/size/body
• at E9.5, only 9 somites are observed
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