cellular
• spermatozoa in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules show an increase in the presence of multinucleated bodies
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• when transferred to media (PBS) deficient in nutrients and ions mutant sperm rapidly lose motility, with over 95% of sperm being immotile within 30 minutes, unlike wild-type spermatozoa
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reproductive system
N |
• no defect is detected in female fertility
• no decrease in sperm number and no defect in the acrosome reaction are detected
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• spermatozoa in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules show an increase in the presence of multinucleated bodies
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• when transferred to media (PBS) deficient in nutrients and ions mutant sperm rapidly lose motility, with over 95% of sperm being immotile within 30 minutes, unlike wild-type spermatozoa
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• evidence for abnormal aggregation of elongating spermatids and formation of multinucleated cells is seen in some seminiferous tubules
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• average litter size for litters sired by mutant males is less than 50% that of litters sired by wild-type males
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• males rarely sire litters and litters that are produced are smaller in size
• overall progeny generated by males is reduce 88-98% compared to wild-type males
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• less than 10% of the eggs from a super ovulated wild-type female are fertilized following mating with mutant males
• about 10% of eggs are fertilized in vitro using sperm from mutant males compared to about 60% fertilization using sperm from wild-type males
• using ICSI or zona pellucida-free eggs, mutant sperm are able to activate eggs to begin embryonic development similar to wild -type sperm
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behavior/neurological
N |
• no defect is detected in male copulatory behavior
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• evidence for abnormal aggregation of elongating spermatids and formation of multinucleated cells is seen in some seminiferous tubules
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