mortality/aging
• mutants suddenly die starting at 1 month of age, with an average life-span of 4.6 months
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cardiovascular system
• mutants exhibit severe liver congestion
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• cardiomyocytes are hypertrophic, showing an increase in cross-sectional area
• hearts show loss of desmosomes, however adherens junctions are normal
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• myocardial calcification is seen in 2-month old ventricles
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• 18 day old mutants exhibit extensive cardiomyocyte death, including apoptisis and necrosis
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• heart is enlarged at 2 months of age
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• hearts exhibit regional dysplasia of ventricular walls and ventricular aneurysms
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• cardiac fibrosis is seen in atria and ventricles; fibrosis ranges from moderate to severe
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• ECG shows compromised systolic function of the left ventricle
• fragmented diastolic potentials are seen in right ventricle
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• hearts show reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction
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• at 1 and 2 months of age, mutants exhibit spontaneous non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
• sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias are induced in mutants by bust or programmed ventricular stimulation in 6 of 7 mutants but not in controls
• mutants exhibit intracardiac bipolar electrograms during ventricular tachycardia
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• in Langendorff-perfused hearts, conduction velocity max and min are reduced
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• at 1 month of age, mutants exhibit complex electrophysiological abnormalities, with low amplitude of the QRS complex, prolonged PR interval and spontaneous non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
• by 2 months of age, the amplitude of the P-wave is higher, amplitude of QRS complex is lower, the PR interval is prolonged, and frequent spontaneous ventricular ectopic beats are seen
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• at 1 and 2 months of age, mutants exhibit prolonged PR interval
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• by 2 months of age, the amplitude of the P-wave is higher
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• ECG shows decreased QRS complex amplitude at P18, 1 month and 2 months of age
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• mutants show rapid and progressive development of cardiomyopathy; hearts appear normal at P12 but by P18, show signs of fibrosis and heart enlargement by 1 month
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liver/biliary system
• mutants exhibit severe liver congestion
|
muscle
• cardiomyocytes are hypertrophic, showing an increase in cross-sectional area
• hearts show loss of desmosomes, however adherens junctions are normal
|
• myocardial calcification is seen in 2-month old ventricles
|
• 18 day old mutants exhibit extensive cardiomyocyte death, including apoptisis and necrosis
|
• hearts show reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction
|
• mutants show rapid and progressive development of cardiomyopathy; hearts appear normal at P12 but by P18, show signs of fibrosis and heart enlargement by 1 month
|
• 18 day old mutants exhibit extensive cardiomyocyte death, including apoptisis and necrosis
|
cellular
• 18 day old mutants exhibit extensive cardiomyocyte death, including apoptisis and necrosis
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growth/size/body
• heart is enlarged at 2 months of age
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 12 | DOID:0110083 |
OMIM:611528 |
J:177567 |