nervous system
N |
• brain weight and gross anatomy are similar to wild-type littermates at 8 weeks of age
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• neuropil development is initially delayed but eventually reaches wild-type levels
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• delay in outgrowth of retinal ganglion cell axons into the lateral geniculate nucleus such that the retinogeniculate projection area is reduced at P9 but catches up to wild-type by P90
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• fewer synapses are formed but those formed are less likely to be pruned resulting in similar synapse numbers to wild-type controls at 9 months of age
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• at P7 in the dentate gyrus mEPSCs occur with lower frequency and have reduced amplitudes indicating a delay in synapse development and maturation
• however, at 2 months of age amplitudes are similar to wild-type controls
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• at P15 dentate gyrus granule cells have significantly fewer branch tips per neuron
• between P 15 and P60 branch tip pruning in dentate gyrus granule cells is less pronounce compared to wild-type controls
• by 2 months of age dendritic arbors of dentate gyrus granule cells appear similar to wild-type controls
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• at 2 months of age in the dentate gyrus, but not in the hippocampal CA1 region, the density of asymmetric synapses on dendritic spines is reduced
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• at 2 months of age post-synaptic density lengths are increased by 33% compared to wild-type controls in the in the dentate gyrus, but not in the hippocampal CA1 region
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• at P7 in the dentate gyrus mEPSCs occur with lower frequency and have reduced amplitudes indicating a delay in synapse development and maturation
• however, at 2 months of age amplitudes are similar to controls
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growth/size/body
• weigh on average 20-30% less than wild-type littermates
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• 3% shorter in length
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behavior/neurological
• display less freezing in response to context both 1 h and 24 h after training
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• display less freezing in response to the tone cue
• display less freezing in response to context both 1 h and 24 h after training
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• slower acquisition of the task in a Morris water maze assay
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cellular
• delay in outgrowth of retinal ganglion cell axons into the lateral geniculate nucleus such that the retinogeniculate projection area is reduced at P9 but catches up to wild-type by P90
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