integument
• at E18.5 in limbs, ears, nose, and mouth
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• at E18.5, mice lack epidermal tissue covering the distal part of the limbs, eyes and ears
• disorganized architecture
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• basal cells lose their columnar organization and adopt a flat morphology unlike in control mice
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• hypoplastic
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• reduced
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• fragile at E18.5
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• mice exhibit a greater than 50-fold decrease in the number of colony-forming cells compared with control mice
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cellular
• mice exhibit a greater than 3.5-fold decrease in cell proliferation in limb skin compared with control mice
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• mice exhibit a more than 3-fold increase in cell proliferation in back skin compared with control mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at E18.5 in limbs, ears, nose, and mouth
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