mortality/aging
cardiovascular system
• fewer endocardial cells in the endocardial cushion tissue compared to in wild-type mice
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• by E10.5 and E11.5
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• mild by E10.5 and E11.5
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• hearts contract weakly until E11.5
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• at E10.5, the beating frequency of atria and ventricles is reduced compared to in wild-type mice
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• at E10.5, mice exhibit impaired transmission atrial contraction impulses into the ventricles compared with wild-type mice
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• at E10.5, most mice exhibit 2:1 or 3:1 AV blocks
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• suggested by pericardial effusion and heart dilation at E10.5 and E11.5
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embryo
• at E10.5 and E11.5
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• at E10.5 and E11.5
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growth/size/body
• at E10.5 and E11.5
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• at E10.5 and E11.5
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homeostasis/metabolism
• by E10.5 and E11.5
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muscle
• hearts contract weakly until E11.5
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