All Phenotypes Pald1<tm1Vlcg> MGI Mouse

increased lung endothelial cell apoptosis ( J:254363 )

• at 4 weeks of age, female, but not male, mice exhibit a >6-fold increase in apoptotic lung endothelial cells, as assessed by cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) staining

• increase in CC3 staining is >2-fold in female lungs at P5 and 19 weeks of age

• however, no differences in non-endothelial cell apoptosis are observed

increased lung endothelial cell proliferation ( J:254363 )

• at 4 and 19 weeks of age, female, but not male, mice exhibit a significant increase in lung endothelial proliferation, as assessed by Ki-67 staining

• however, no differences in non-endothelial cell proliferation are observed

overexpanded pulmonary alveolus ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice exhibit enlarged distal airspaces

• mean linear intercept (MLI, interseptal alveolar distance) is already significantly increased at P5 and distal airway dilation persists at 4 and 19 weeks of age

• however, alveolar septal thickness is normal

emphysema ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice develop an obstructive, emphysema-like lung phenotype

abnormal lung volume ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice exhibit increased forced vital capacity (ml) and forced expiratory volume in 100 ms (ml) at 20 weeks of age

abnormal inspiratory capacity ( J:254363 )

• both female and male mice exhibit increased inspiratory capacity (ml) at 20 weeks of age

increased total lung capacity ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice exhibit increased total lung capacity (ml) at 20 weeks of age

abnormal vital capacity ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice exhibit increased vital capacity (ml) at 20 weeks of age

decreased airway resistance ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice exhibit decreased airway resistance (cm H2O/ml/sec) at 20 weeks of age

increased lung compliance ( J:254363 )

• female, but not male, mice exhibit increased static and dynamic lung compliance (ml/cm H2O) at 20 weeks of age