muscle
• skeletal muscles exhibit mitochondria depletion compared with wild-type muscles
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• 221%, 187% and 132% for extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius and soleus
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• skeletal muscles exhibit reduced redox basal state compared with wild-type cells
• antioxidant SOD and catalase activities are reduced compared to in wild-type cells
• skeletal muscles exhibit impaired specific force and fiber tolerance to chronic repetitive contraction compared with wild-type cells
• however, reactive oxygen species production is normal
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cellular
• antioxidant SOD and catalase activities are reduced compared to in wild-type cells
• however, reactive oxygen species production is normal
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growth/size/body
homeostasis/metabolism
• skeletal muscles exhibit increased COX activity compared with wild-type cells
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