craniofacial
N |
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 mandible size is not significantly different from controls, indicating this does not contribute to cleft palate
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 variable morphological defects are seen
• in some cases the hyoid primordium is ectopically fused to the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid primordium has a gentle M shape
|
• feathery medial growth is lacking and ossified palatine bones do not approach the midline in 50% of embryos at E16.5 following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 in 40% of embryos the palatal shelves have elevated but fail to grow to the midline
• however, in maxillary explant cultures shelves elevate and make medial contact at a similar rate to controls
|
• at E16.5 in 36% of embryos following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 only 33% of mutant embryos have both shelves elevated compared to 82% of controls
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 palatal shelves appear to be obstructed by the arched tongue at the posterior end of the shelves
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 tongue muscles lack apparent attachment to the hyoid primordium
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 the tongue is arched to the posterior rather than relatively flat as in controls
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 tongue volume is slightly reduced compared to controls
• however, no defects in intrinsic muscle morphology are seen
|
skeleton
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 variable morphological defects are seen
• in some cases the hyoid primordium is ectopically fused to the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid primordium has a gentle M shape
|
• feathery medial growth is lacking and ossified palatine bones do not approach the midline in 50% of embryos at E16.5 following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 variable morphological defects are seen
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 variable morphological defects are seen
• in some cases the hyoid primordium is ectopically fused to the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
|
nervous system
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E11.5 the C1 motor nerve fuses directly to the CN XII nerve in 50% of embryos but never seen in controls
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E11.5 the C1 motor nerve fuses directly to the CN XII nerve in 50% of embryos but never seen in controls
|
respiratory system
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 variable morphological defects are seen
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 variable morphological defects are seen
• in some cases the hyoid primordium is ectopically fused to the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
|
muscle
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 tongue muscles lack apparent attachment to the hyoid primordium
|
digestive/alimentary system
• feathery medial growth is lacking and ossified palatine bones do not approach the midline in 50% of embryos at E16.5 following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 in 40% of embryos the palatal shelves have elevated but fail to grow to the midline
• however, in maxillary explant cultures shelves elevate and make medial contact at a similar rate to controls
|
• at E16.5 in 36% of embryos following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 only 33% of mutant embryos have both shelves elevated compared to 82% of controls
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 palatal shelves appear to be obstructed by the arched tongue at the posterior end of the shelves
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 tongue muscles lack apparent attachment to the hyoid primordium
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 the tongue is arched to the posterior rather than relatively flat as in controls
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 tongue volume is slightly reduced compared to controls
• however, no defects in intrinsic muscle morphology are seen
|
growth/size/body
• feathery medial growth is lacking and ossified palatine bones do not approach the midline in 50% of embryos at E16.5 following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 in 40% of embryos the palatal shelves have elevated but fail to grow to the midline
• however, in maxillary explant cultures shelves elevate and make medial contact at a similar rate to controls
|
• at E16.5 in 36% of embryos following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 only 33% of mutant embryos have both shelves elevated compared to 82% of controls
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 palatal shelves appear to be obstructed by the arched tongue at the posterior end of the shelves
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E16.5 tongue muscles lack apparent attachment to the hyoid primordium
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 the tongue is arched to the posterior rather than relatively flat as in controls
|
• following tamoxifen treatment at E8.5 at E14.5 tongue volume is slightly reduced compared to controls
• however, no defects in intrinsic muscle morphology are seen
|