mortality/aging
• almost all die between E10.5 and E14.5, rare survivors are found beyond E14.5
|
embryo
• detected in many (22 of 28) embryos at E10.5
|
• many (22 of 28) display failure of yolk sac remodeling at E10.5
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• in many (17 of 28) mice at E10.5
|
cardiovascular system
• collagen gel atrioventricular canal explants from E9.5 embryos showed significantly lower numbers of migrating mesenchymal cells than wild-type explants, suggesting a decrease in endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)
• RNA-seq analysis of E9.5 heart tubes showed alterations in genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with marked downregulation of Wnt4 and, to a lesser extent, Bmp2
|
• at E9.5, AV canals show significantly decreased Wnt4 transcript levels in the endocardium as well as reduced Bmp2 transcript levels in the myocardium
|
• at E9.5/E10.5, atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushions are hypocellular with a severe reduction in mesenchymal cell density relative to wild-type controls
• however, separation of the endocardium from the myocardium and the size of AV cushions are normal at E10.5
|
• in many (17 of 28) mice at E10.5
|
growth/size/body
• detected in many (22 of 28) embryos at E10.5
|