mortality/aging
• fewer embryos than expected are found at E15.5 and none are found at E16.5
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cardiovascular system
• striking defects in the organization of the tunica media in E12.5-E15.5 arteries
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• aneurysmal dilation of the 3rd pharyngeal arch artery is commonly seen by E12.5
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• at E12.5 thicker in some sections and reduced to a single layer in other sections
• at E15.5 the tunica media is populated with rounded heterogeneous cells lacking a predominant orientation and obvious gaps appearing between cells
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• the lumen appears eccentric with some thinning of the tunica media
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• dilation of the midline derivative of the ventral aorta at E11 in all embryos
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• aneurysmal dilation of the aortic arch is commonly seen by E12.5
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• striking disruption of cell-cell and cell-matrix relationships in the tunica media in the common carotid arteries
• aneurysmal dilation, dissection and rupture are commonly seen at E13.5
• massive aneurysmal dilation of the common carotid artery displacing the trachea and esophagus is seen in surviving embryos at E15.5
• at E15.5 medial and neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells are characterized by marked heterogeneity in size and orientation
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• dilation of the basilar artery at E13.5
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• patterning defects are detected at E14.5-E16.5
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• aneurysmal dilation of the 3rd pharyngeal arch artery is commonly seen by E12.5
• aneurysmal dilation and arterial rupture is also seen in other arteries supplying the head and neck
• massive aneurysmal dilation of the common carotid artery displacing the trachea and esophagus is seen in surviving embryos at E15.5
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• focal hemorrhage at E11.5 in some embryos
• by E12.5 all mice display regions of hemorrhage and at E15.5 surviving embryos display large areas of hemorrhage covering their bodies
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• intraparenchymal hemorrhage is seen at E12.5-E15.5
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• intraparenchymal hemorrhage is seen at E12.5-E15.5
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cellular
• es cells fail to adhere to uncoated tissue culture plates and show profound defects in adhesion to bovine serum albumin coated plates
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craniofacial
• aneurysmal dilation of the 3rd pharyngeal arch artery is commonly seen by E12.5
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embryo
• aneurysmal dilation of the 3rd pharyngeal arch artery is commonly seen by E12.5
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nervous system
• dilation of the basilar artery at E13.5
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respiratory system
• intraparenchymal hemorrhage is seen at E12.5-E15.5
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liver/biliary system
• intraparenchymal hemorrhage is seen at E12.5-E15.5
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