cardiovascular system
• occasional mild myocyte hypertrophy in 20 week old males
• cardiomyocytes exhibit nuclear gigantism, increased interstitial cellularity and fibrosis, indicators of myocyte hypertrophy
|
• mild ventricular myocyte disorganization
• mice exposed to swimming as exercise for 8 weeks show a slight increase in the incidence of myocyte disorganization but no change in the degree of hypertrophy
|
• only about 5% of the total myocardium is affected by hypertrophy
|
• disorganization of left ventricle and apical right ventricular septal myocytes in 20 week old males
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• variable occurrence of myocyte fibrosis
• mice exposed to swimming as exercise for 8 weeks show a slight increase in the incidence of fibrosis
|
• maximum rate of contraction (+dP/dt) is reduced and time to peak pressure is prolonged indicating diminished rate of contraction
• reduced contractile performance is maintained during maximal stimulation with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist
|
• maximum rate of relaxation (-dP/dt) is decreased and the time to one half relaxation is increased indicating diminished rates of relaxation
• reduced relaxation performance is maintained during maximal stimulation with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist
|
• systolic and diastolic intraventricular pressures are decreased and end diastolic intraventricular pressure is increased
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• force developed by cardiac myofilaments is more sensitive to calcium than control myofilaments
• myofilaments also show increased calcium sensitivity under phosphorylating conditions that occur during beta-adrenergic stimulation
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homeostasis/metabolism
• thrombi formation in the left atrium in 20 week old males
• however, no increase in cardiomyocyte necrosis is seen
|
• after swimming, fractional shortening is unchanged in transgenic mice but is increased in controls
• mice exposed to swimming as exercise for 8 weeks show a slight increase in the incidence of fibrosis and myocyte disorganization compared to controls
|
muscle
• occasional mild myocyte hypertrophy in 20 week old males
• cardiomyocytes exhibit nuclear gigantism, increased interstitial cellularity and fibrosis, indicators of myocyte hypertrophy
|
• mild ventricular myocyte disorganization
• mice exposed to swimming as exercise for 8 weeks show a slight increase in the incidence of myocyte disorganization but no change in the degree of hypertrophy
|
• only about 5% of the total myocardium is affected by hypertrophy
|
• maximum rate of contraction (+dP/dt) is reduced and time to peak pressure is prolonged indicating diminished rate of contraction
• reduced contractile performance is maintained during maximal stimulation with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist
|
• maximum rate of relaxation (-dP/dt) is decreased and the time to one half relaxation is increased indicating diminished rates of relaxation
• reduced relaxation performance is maintained during maximal stimulation with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist
|
growth/size/body
• only about 5% of the total myocardium is affected by hypertrophy
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 3 | DOID:0110309 |
OMIM:115196 |
J:57365 |