mortality/aging
• when exposed to DMBA weekly for 4 weeks tumor free survival time is reduced compared to wild-type controls
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neoplasm
• when exposed to DMBA weekly for 4 weeks 40% of mice develop mammary tumors compared to only 5% of wild-type controls
• however, no difference in the induction of lymphomas or ovarian carcinomas by DMBA is detected
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• by 20 months of age, 52% of mice develop either thymic or splenic lymphomas
• occasionally, lymphomas infiltrate nonlymphoid tissues
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• after exposure to 6 Gy ionizing radiation about 18% (4 of 22) develop thymic lymphomas compared to only 4.7% (1 of 21) wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• when exposed to DMBA weekly for 4 weeks tumor free survival time is reduced compared to wild-type controls
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• when exposed to DMBA weekly for 4 weeks 40% of mice develop mammary tumors compared to only 5% of wild-type controls
• however, no difference in the induction of lymphomas or ovarian carcinomas by DMBA is detected
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cellular
• prolonged G2-M arrest in response to ionizing irradiation
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• the doubling time of MEFs increases more rapidly upon passing compared to wild-type MEFs and cultures contain fewer proliferating cells
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• by passage 3 MEF cultures contain more giant non-dividing senescent cells
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endocrine/exocrine glands
immune system
hematopoietic system