cardiovascular system
• right sided dorsal aorta is observed in 1 of 10 E14.5-15.5 embryos instead of left side dorsal aorta
|
• retroesophageal right subclavian artery (RERSCA) is observed in 1 of 10 E14.5-15.5 embryos
|
• 8 out of 10 E14.5-15.5 embryos exhibit double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
• the remaining two E14.5-E15.5 embryos exhibit a more extreme a DORV described as tetralogy of Fallot
|
• observed in all embryos studied
|
• complete atresia of the proximal pulmonary outflow tract is found in 1 of 10 E15.5 embryos
|
• extreme stenosis of the proximal pulmonary outflow tract is found in 1 of 10 E14.5 embryos
• aortic outflow is of normal morphology, but pulmonary trunk is severely reduced in size
|
craniofacial
• highly disorganized craniofacial structures observed in E15.5 embryos
|
embryo
• failure of neural tube closure by E9.5
|
growth/size/body
• failure of ventral body wall closure observed in E15.5 embryos
|
nervous system
• failure of neural tube closure by E9.5
|