Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• progressive liver enlargement with a most noticeable increase from 20 weeks
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• increase in liver weight, that is most noticeable after 20 weeks of life
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liver/biliary system
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• liver begins to appear nodular, congested and firm in consistency at 28 weeks of age
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• liver begins to appear congested at 28 weeks of age
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• progressive liver enlargement with a most noticeable increase from 20 weeks
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• increase in liver weight, that is most noticeable after 20 weeks of life
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• abundant glycogen is seen in hepatocytes up to 4 weeks of age, which then gradually diminishes and remains periportal in location, unlike in controls which show glycogen at all stages
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• iron is seen in the dysplastic hepatocytes around the central veins but not in tumor cells
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• expansion of hepatic lobules with a clustering of large numbers of central veins in a given field with spaced out portal tracts at the periphery from 4 weeks of age onwards
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• apoptotic bodies are seen scattered in the sinusoids
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• cytological changes in hepatocytes start as early as day 3 and show swelling, an increase in proliferation accompanied by a high rate of apoptosis which declines once tumors form
• from day 7, hepatocytes show progressive nuclear enlargement, vesicular chromatin, prominent, single or multiple nucleoli, nuclear pleomorphism, and typical and atypical mitosis
• by day 14, nuclear enlargement is seen, some with abnormal contours, while cytoplasm contains numerous mitochondria including abnormal forms
• cytoplasm of hepatocytes becomes more basophilic after 4 weeks
• abundant glycogen is seen in hepatocytes up to 4 weeks of age, which then gradually diminishes and remains periportal in location, unlike in controls which show glycogen at all stages
• iron is seen in the dysplastic hepatocytes around the central veins but not in tumor cells
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• focal necrosis is seen about 8-12 weeks of age
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• mild microvesicular fatty change in the hepatocytes around the central veins at weeks 4-5
• however, cirrhosis is not seen
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• multiple tumor nodules are seen on the surface of the liver between 28 and 32 weeks
• tumor nodules show central necrosis
• between 24-32 weeks of age, multifocal, well-differentiated, hepatocellular carcinoma with a trabecular pattern emerges
• malignant hepatocyte cords show large pleomorphic nuclei with multinucleation and macronucleoli
• by 16-20 weeks, multiple dysplastic foci are incorporated into distinct neoplastic nodules that compress the surrounding liver parenchyma and nodules show compressed reticulin at the periphery
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neoplasm
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• multiple tumor nodules are seen on the surface of the liver between 28 and 32 weeks
• tumor nodules show central necrosis
• between 24-32 weeks of age, multifocal, well-differentiated, hepatocellular carcinoma with a trabecular pattern emerges
• malignant hepatocyte cords show large pleomorphic nuclei with multinucleation and macronucleoli
• by 16-20 weeks, multiple dysplastic foci are incorporated into distinct neoplastic nodules that compress the surrounding liver parenchyma and nodules show compressed reticulin at the periphery
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cardiovascular system
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• apoptotic bodies are seen scattered in the sinusoids
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• liver begins to appear congested at 28 weeks of age
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hematopoietic system
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• livers show an early disappearance of foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the portal tracts by day 14 compared to controls which show persistence of extramedullary hematopoiesis by the 4th week
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• Kupffer cells appear prominent between 4 and 12 weeks of age
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• abundant glycogen is seen in hepatocytes up to 4 weeks of age, which then gradually diminishes and remains periportal in location, unlike in controls which show glycogen at all stages
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• iron is seen in the dysplastic hepatocytes around the central veins but not in tumor cells
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immune system
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• Kupffer cells appear prominent between 4 and 12 weeks of age
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cellular
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• liver shows an increase in the number of nucleolar organizer regions
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | DOID:684 |
OMIM:114550 |
J:81098 , J:202732 | |
