taste/olfaction
• overall, circumvallate papilla size is approximately 15% smaller
• however, size and number of taste buds are similar to controls
|
• elevated levels of ATP in the epithelium of circumvallate taste papillae
• stimulation of the apical membrane with a mixture of bitter tastants fails to evoke ATP release
|
• decreased neural responses to taste stimuli
|
nervous system
• responses of the chorda tympani nerve to sucrose and monosodium glutamate (MSG) with amiloride are significantly decreased
• responses of the glossopharyngeal nerve to sucrose, monosodium glutamate (MSG) with amiloride, HCL, citric acid, NaCl, quinine, and NH4Cl are significantly decreased
|
growth/size/body
• overall, circumvallate papilla size is approximately 15% smaller
• however, size and number of taste buds are similar to controls
|
craniofacial
• overall, circumvallate papilla size is approximately 15% smaller
• however, size and number of taste buds are similar to controls
|
digestive/alimentary system
• overall, circumvallate papilla size is approximately 15% smaller
• however, size and number of taste buds are similar to controls
|