mortality/aging
• fewer than expected male mice are produced
• however, female mice are born in expected Mendelian ratio
|
skeleton
• reduced osteoclast surface to bone surface
• decreased nuclei to osteoclast ratio
• ruffled border formation on osteoclast indicating osteoclast fusion is reduced
• however, the ratio of osteoclasts to bone surface is normal
|
• increased eroded surface to bone surface ratio
|
• at 10 weeks
|
• decreased spacing at 10 weeks
|
• at 10 weeks
|
• at 10 weeks in the femur but not the tibia
|
• low-turnover osteopetrosis
|
• impaired osteoclast formation and fusion
• however, osteoclast differentiation markers are normal
|
• impaired osteoblastogenesis
|
• slightly decreased bone formation rate
|
• slightly decreased mineral apposition rate
|
hematopoietic system
N |
• lymphoid and myeloid cells in the bone marrow are normal
|
• reduced osteoclast surface to bone surface
• decreased nuclei to osteoclast ratio
• ruffled border formation on osteoclast indicating osteoclast fusion is reduced
• however, the ratio of osteoclasts to bone surface is normal
|
• increased eroded surface to bone surface ratio
|
growth/size/body
• slightly at 10 weeks
|
cellular
• impaired osteoblastogenesis
|
immune system
N |
• in vivo and in vitro cytokine production is normal
• mice exhibit normal TLR signaling and response to S. aureus infection
|
• reduced osteoclast surface to bone surface
• decreased nuclei to osteoclast ratio
• ruffled border formation on osteoclast indicating osteoclast fusion is reduced
• however, the ratio of osteoclasts to bone surface is normal
|
• increased eroded surface to bone surface ratio
|
muscle
N |
• femoral muscles are normal
|