Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• mice exhibit normal balance, coordination and endurance on a rotarod, gait, anxiety in the elevated zero maze, and passive avoidance
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• mutants exhibit almost twice as much activity over a one hour time period than controls in the open field test, however, when activity is recorded over 5 minute intervals, controls show a decrease in activity over time that is not seen in mutants, indicating that mutants have impaired short term habituation to spatial stimuli
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• mutants exhibit a decrease in marble burying, burying few if any marbles compared to controls which bury 30% of marbles
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• mutants exhibit almost twice as much activity over a one hour time period than controls in the open field test
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• mutant males exhibit a higher proportion of high frequency of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) compared to controls which show a higher proportion of low frequency USVs
• increase in vocalization and an increase in high frequency USVs indicates altered response to sexual or pheromonal olfactory stimuli
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• mutant males placed next to a female mouse vocalize more than controls
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nervous system
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• mice older than 4 months of age exhibit late onset morphological changes outside the CA1 region of the hippocampus and behavioral defects
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• decrease (less than 20%) in the thickness of the CA1 stratum pyramidale in mutants older than 45 days
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• spine density in apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons is about 70% of control in mice younger than 3 months of age
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• spine density in apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons is about 70% of control in mice younger than 3 months of age
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• reduction in granule assembly and translation of granule RNAs in cultured hippocampal neurons
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• input-out curves of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials from the CA1 region of the stratum radiatum in hippocampal slices evoked by stimulation of Schaffer collateral axons show reduced amplitudes and slopes, indicating reduced basal excitatory transmission
• field responses in the presence of GABAzine, a GABA antagonist, are smaller in mutants than in controls
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• short-term potentiation in evoked field potentials is normal, but mutants are unable to maintain LTP of evoked potentials
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