reproductive system
• sperm are unable to pass through the uterotubal junction of the female genital tract
• sperm fail to attach to the surface of cells in the female genital tract
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• despite normal mating ability, male mice do not produce offspring
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• in vitro, sperm fertilize oocytes at a lower rate than wild-type sperm
• fertilization occurs in 4 of 12 mice following 24-in tubal insemination
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• sperm exhibit defective zona pellucida binding
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cellular
• sperm are unable to pass through the uterotubal junction of the female genital tract
• sperm fail to attach to the surface of cells in the female genital tract
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