reproductive system
• flattening of the base of the head, loss of the typical hook-shaped head, changes in the flagellum such as a folded or coiled tail, and the presence of a cytoplasmic droplet
• however, mice exhibit normal sperm count, average motility and progressive motility
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• folded or coiled
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• flattening of the base of the head and loss of the typical hook-shaped head
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• in the seminiferous tubules
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• hypocellularity with widened intercellular spaces, multinucleated giant cells and vacuoles
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• with increased apoptotic cells
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• failure of spermatids to disengage indicated by excess numbers of retained spermatids in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium
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• decreased weight
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• as determined by in vitro fertilization with increased progression of two-cell embryos to blastocyst-stage embryos
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cellular
• flattening of the base of the head, loss of the typical hook-shaped head, changes in the flagellum such as a folded or coiled tail, and the presence of a cytoplasmic droplet
• however, mice exhibit normal sperm count, average motility and progressive motility
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• folded or coiled
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• flattening of the base of the head and loss of the typical hook-shaped head
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• in the seminiferous tubules
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• hypocellularity with widened intercellular spaces, multinucleated giant cells and vacuoles
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• with increased apoptotic cells
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