reproductive system
• abnormal loading of acrosomal proteins, such as acrosin, N-ethylamaleimide-sensitive factor and testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme, to spermatozoa
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• absence of acrosomal proteins in acrosome and head of sperm
• testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme mislocalized to the sperm outer membrane
• absence of ubiquitin-proteasome system in neck region and acrosome of epididymal sperm
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cellular
• absence of acrosomal proteins in acrosome and head of sperm
• testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme mislocalized to the sperm outer membrane
• absence of ubiquitin-proteasome system in neck region and acrosome of epididymal sperm
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