growth/size/body
• mutants show greater weight gain in the first week on a high fat diet compared to controls on the same diet
• treatment with mifepristone stabilizes mutant body weight
|
• mutants gain more weight than controls on the same diet, despite no increase in food intake
|
• males develop obesity around 4 months of age, while females exhibit this around 5 months
|
• gonadal white adipose tissue fat pads are significantly increased in males and females
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• from 3 months of age, thickness is increased becoming highly significant at 5 months, compared to controls
|
• beginning at 3 months, hypertrophy is observed, becoming significant by 5 months
|
adipose tissue
N |
• interscapular brown adipose tissue are found in mutants and controls
|
• fat mass is significantly increased in 3 month-old and 9 month-old male mutants; however, fat-free mass is unaltered
|
• mutants have increased fat accumulation in the head/neck region
|
• gonadal white adipose tissue fat pads are significantly increased in males and females
|
• mesenteric adipose tissue fat pads are significantly increased in males and females
|
behavior/neurological
N |
• no alterations in circadian rhythm or cumulative food intake at 2 or 8 months of age
• on a high fat diet, mutants exhibit decreased food intake similarly to controls
• open field activity and elevated plus maze behavior (indicator of anxiety-like behavior) does not differ between mutants and controls at any age
|
• home cage activity is significantly increased during the dark phase in 8 month-old obese mutants
|
nervous system
• GABAergic output of Cck interneurons onto Crh neurons is reduced; increased neuronal activity results
|
homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates, as well as respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure are similar
|
• signicantly elevated in older obese mice
|
• signicantly elevated in older obese mice
|
• observed in older obese mice
|
• mutants show increased de novo lipogenesis in the liver
|
• afternoon levels are increased compared to controls
|
liver/biliary system
• gonadal white adipose tissue fat pads are significantly increased in males and females
|
• aged mice (5 months) show increased hepatic lipid stores compared to controls
|