mortality/aging
• occasional sudden death in adult mice
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• 50% lethality by weaning
• most deaths occur from E15.5 to shortly after birth
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cardiovascular system
• 20% increase in the number of cardiomyocytes
• extended period of cell division
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• large septal defects in about 50% of embryos leads to death within a few hours of birth
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• embryonic hearts occasionally are somewhat enlarged but superficially appear normal otherwise
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• increased heart to body weight ratio at 4 to 6 months of age
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• determined by echocardiography
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• sometimes, before birth
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• develops rapidly in about 15% of surviving mice
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• appears by 2-3 months of age in about 15% of survivors
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• significantly reduced heart rate
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• shortened delay between atrial and ventricular depolarizations
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homeostasis/metabolism
• sometimes, before birth
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• atrial thrombi found in about 15% of survivors by 2-3 months of age
• atrial thrombi lead to death
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muscle
• 20% increase in the number of cardiomyocytes
• extended period of cell division
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growth/size/body
• embryonic hearts occasionally are somewhat enlarged but superficially appear normal otherwise
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• increased heart to body weight ratio at 4 to 6 months of age
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