Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice develop chronic infection leading to sepsis and decreased survival
• mice show increased susceptibility to airway inoculation with S. aureus, with a 40% survival
• young (3 months) mutants infected with S. aureus show similar acute neutrophilic responses as controls and survive for 7 days unlike old (6-7 months) mutants which show increased sensitivity to infection and 100% mortality within the first few hours
• mutants infected with S. aureus show an increase in lung macrophages and mixed granulocytes, apoptosis of accumulated macrophages, and reduced lung IL-23
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• mice show premature death due to infection
• antibiotic treatment improves survival
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respiratory system
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• aspirated materials and inflammatory infiltrates are seen in the lower airways
• leukocytes in lung lavage fluid are altered, with an accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils but absence of lymphocytes
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• acute mucociliary clearance is severely reduced, even though functional ciliated cells are present
• mucus transport is impaired in tracheal epithelial cells in vitro
• hair fragments encased in mucus-like material are consistently found in posterior nasopharynxes
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• upper respiratory obstruction impedes airflow
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immune system
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• middle-ear effusion, bacteria and inflammation, consistent with otitis media
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• by 12 months of age, IL-23 production by macrophages and dendritic cells is reduced by 93%
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• as mice become moribound, an increase in apoptosis of macrophages that accumulate in the airspaces is seen
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• macrophages that accumulate in the lungs over time frequently contain undigested cytoplasmic inclusions and have impaired phagocytic functions
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• by 12 months of age, IL-23 production by macrophages and dendritic cells is reduced by 93%
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• aspirated materials and inflammatory infiltrates are seen in the lower airways
• leukocytes in lung lavage fluid are altered, with an accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils but absence of lymphocytes
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• spontaneous infection of connecting auditory tubes and lungs
• increase in bacteria in lung and spleen cultures, indicating disseminated infections
• on an antibiotic-supplemented diet, mice show reduced lung bacterial burden and increased survival, however normal ventilation is not restored
• moribund mice show an increase in streptococci and staphylococci in the lungs and spleen, especially Staphylococcus aureus
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• mice develop chronic infection leading to sepsis and decreased survival
• mice show increased susceptibility to airway inoculation with S. aureus, with a 40% survival
• young (3 months) mutants infected with S. aureus show similar acute neutrophilic responses as controls and survive for 7 days unlike old (6-7 months) mutants which show increased sensitivity to infection and 100% mortality within the first few hours
• mutants infected with S. aureus show an increase in lung macrophages and mixed granulocytes, apoptosis of accumulated macrophages, and reduced lung IL-23
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growth/size/body
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• growth is impaired
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• hair fragments encased in mucus-like material are consistently found in the middle ears
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• middle-ear effusion, bacteria and inflammation, consistent with otitis media
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homeostasis/metabolism
hematopoietic system
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• as mice become moribound, an increase in apoptosis of macrophages that accumulate in the airspaces is seen
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• macrophages that accumulate in the lungs over time frequently contain undigested cytoplasmic inclusions and have impaired phagocytic functions
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cellular
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• as mice become moribound, an increase in apoptosis of macrophages that accumulate in the airspaces is seen
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• macrophages that accumulate in the lungs over time frequently contain undigested cytoplasmic inclusions and have impaired phagocytic functions
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