cardiovascular system
N |
• mice are viable and fertile and exhibit normal cardiac morphology and echocardiographic measures of left ventricular size and function under basal conditions
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• the cardiac hypertrophic response to chronic infusion of the Beta-agonist isoproterenol is reduced in mutant hearts, with mice showing a decrease in ventricular wall thickness, an increase in ventricular chamber size, and a decrease in size of cardiomyocytes compared to wild-type mice
• ventricular contraction is decreased in response to isoproterenol compared to wild-type hearts
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• mice show increased sensitivity to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in response to the Beta-agonist isoproterenol, showing increased left ventricle internal dimension and volume
• mice show increased cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in the heart in response to isoproterenol compared to controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
• the cardiac hypertrophic response to chronic infusion of the Beta-agonist isoproterenol is reduced in mutant hearts, with mice showing a decrease in ventricular wall thickness, an increase in ventricular chamber size, and a decrease in size of cardiomyocytes compared to wild-type mice
• ventricular contraction is decreased in response to isoproterenol compared to wild-type hearts
|
• mice show increased sensitivity to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in response to the Beta-agonist isoproterenol, showing increased left ventricle internal dimension and volume
• mice show increased cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in the heart in response to isoproterenol compared to controls
|