mortality/aging
• median survival is 13 days most likely the result of an epidermal barrier defect
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cellular
• primary keratinocytes exhibit reduced differentiation
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• cell proliferation within the basal keratinocyte layer of the epidermis is increased as compared to skin from controls
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• keratinocytes do not generate mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• oxygen consumption is reduced in primary keratinocytes
• primary keratinocytes display reduced amounts of cellular superoxide and H2O2
• oxidative metabolism of glucose is reduced in primary keratinocytes as compared to controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• epidermis lacks mature sebaceous glands
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growth/size/body
• mice stop gaining weight in comparison to controls
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integument
• subcutaneous fat is reduced although epidermis appears normal
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• primary keratinocytes exhibit reduced differentiation
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• epidermis lacks mature sebaceous glands
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• mice lack hair by P3
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• progressive loss of hair follicles, such that mice lack hair by P3
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• hair follicles from P6 mice prematurely enter catagen
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• increased epidermal thickness by P9
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• cell proliferation within the basal keratinocyte layer of the epidermis is increased as compared to skin from controls
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adipose tissue
• subcutaneous fat is reduced although epidermis appears normal
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