cellular
• cauda epididymal spermatozoa exhibit reduced cell viability compared to wild-type spermatozoa and are often present in large agglutinated clumps
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• spermatozoa show poor motility with little to no forward progression
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homeostasis/metabolism
amyloidosis
(
J:210672
)
• increase in fibrillar structures characteristic of cystatin C amyloid are present in epididymal fluid and distinct forms of cystatin C amyloid are found that are not seen in wild-type mice
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reproductive system
• cauda epididymal spermatozoa exhibit reduced cell viability compared to wild-type spermatozoa and are often present in large agglutinated clumps
|
• spermatozoa show poor motility with little to no forward progression
|
• mutant males mated with wild-type females generate only 0.2 pups/litter compared to 4.6 pups/litter for controls indicating reduced male fertility
• spermatozoa from mutant males are unable to fertilize cumulus oocyte complexes or oocytes after cumulus cell removal
• spermatozoa, however, are able to fertilize oocytes when the zona pellucida is removed
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• spermatozoa do not bind as efficiently to the zona pellucida as wild-type spermatozoa
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