mortality/aging
• fewer than expected mice are present after 8 weeks
|
• although born in Mendelian ratios, fewer than expected mice survive to P21
|
cardiovascular system
• fewer blood vessel branching in the subventricular vascular plexus at E12.
• however, the number of radial vessels in the hindbrain is normal
|
• at P7, mice exhibit reduced extension of primary vascular plexus toward the retinal margin with a reduction in arteries and veins compared with wild-type mice
• delayed formation of deep and intermediate vascular plexi at P21 indicated by reduced vascular density
|
• fewer arteries and veins than in wild-type mice
• reduced vessel coverage by vascular smooth muscle cells in the retina at P7 and P21
|
• reduced angiogenesis with oxygen-induced retinopathy
|
• fewer blood vessel branching in the subventricular vascular plexus at E12.5
• mild effect on vessel density in the head and trunk at E9.5
• defective retinal angiogenesis and arteriogenesis
• reduced VEGF-induced angiogenesis
• however, mice exhibit normal pharyngeal arch arteries and intersomitic vessels and delayed retinal angiogenesis is recovered by P21
|
• reduced vessel coverage by vascular smooth muscle cells in the retina at P7 and P21
|
• fewer coronary arteries and capillaries
• capillaries are abnormal and sparse, especially in the subendomyocardium
|
• fewer coronary arteries
|
growth/size/body
• at P7 and between 6 and 18 weeks
|
neoplasm
• failure B16-F1 murine melanoma growth when transplanted into mice
|
vision/eye
• at P7, mice exhibit reduced extension of primary vascular plexus toward the retinal margin with a reduction in arteries and veins compared with wild-type mice
• delayed formation of deep and intermediate vascular plexi at P21 indicated by reduced vascular density
|
• fewer arteries and veins than in wild-type mice
• reduced vessel coverage by vascular smooth muscle cells in the retina at P7 and P21
|
• reduced angiogenesis with oxygen-induced retinopathy
|
muscle
• reduced vessel coverage by vascular smooth muscle cells in the retina at P7 and P21
|
nervous system
• fewer blood vessel branching in the subventricular vascular plexus at E12.
• however, the number of radial vessels in the hindbrain is normal
|